The state visit of Turkmen President Serdar Berdimuhamedow to Azerbaijan on June 22 was not merely a diplomatic event but an important indicator of the transformation of Caspian geopolitics. The package of agreements signed in Baku, covering energy, transport, industry, agriculture, banking, and food security, reflects a qualitative shift in Azerbaijani-Turkmen relations—from symbolic partnership toward pragmatic integration. At first gl...

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The Caspian Basin

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