Caucasus
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By opening the European market to Armenian goods, the EU is responding to Russian pressure — but replacing Russia will not be easy In geopolitics, fresh tomatoes, apricots and a bottle of brandy can sometimes prove no less persuasive than diplomatic...
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The banking systems of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia operate in the same region, but their relationship with money is different: Baku banks live in the shadow of the oil economy, Tbilisi under the influence of foreign currency, and Yerevan under...
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The economic price of peace: Who gains from opening borders and transport links In December 2025 the merchandise of peace was strikingly mundane: 22 railway tank cars filled with AI-95 petrol. SOCAR, Azerbaijan’s state oil company, sent 1,220 tonnes...
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Azerbaijan and Armenia have begun substantive discussions on connecting their electricity systems, taking another step from political declarations about normalisation towards practical infrastructure cooperation. Representatives of the two...
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