The economic price of peace: Who gains from opening borders and transport links In December 2025 the merchandise of peace was strikingly mundane: 22 railway tank cars filled with AI-95 petrol. SOCAR, Azerbaijan’s state oil company, sent 1,220 tonnes of fuel to Armenia, the first such consignment in roughly three decades. It had to travel through Georgia. The direct route between the neighbours remained closed, but the economic frontier w...

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