Does Azerbaijan make friends with Iran?

Azerbaijan and Iran, two neighboring nations with a complex history of relations, appear to be taking steps towards improving ties and cooperation in recent months. The visit of Khalaf Khalafov, the representative of the Azerbaijani president on special assignments, to Tehran on the evening of October 3, signifies a notable development in this regard. During his visit, Khalafov engaged in discussions with high-ranking Iranian officials, focusing on bilateral relations and the broader regional situation.

One significant outcome of these diplomatic efforts is the agreement reached on October 4 to conduct joint Azerbaijani-Iranian military exercises in the Caspian Sea. This cooperative venture reflects a shift in the tone of interactions between the two countries.

This recent warming of relations comes after a period of tension between Azerbaijan and Iran. In recent years, both nations held military exercises near each other's borders, leading to mutual displeasure. Moreover, on January 27 of the current year, an armed attack took place at the Azerbaijani embassy in Tehran, resulting in casualties. The incident led to the evacuation of embassy staff to Azerbaijan and subsequent arrests in Azerbaijan, with some detainees being portrayed as "Iranian spies" in government-affiliated media. Nevertheless, in recent months, officials from both sides have expressed their willingness to enhance cooperation.

Elshad Mirbashiroglu, a member of the defense, security, and anti-corruption committee of the Azerbaijani Milli Majlis,  in an interview with Turan emphasizes the importance of the North-South Transport Corridor in fostering regional and international transport logistics. He maintains that while Azerbaijan had legitimate concerns, such as Iran not condemning Armenia's aggressive policies, these should not be grounds for a complete rupture in relations.

Mirbashiroglu underscores the changing political landscape in Azerbaijan, with the country having reestablished its sovereignty over its entire territory. This new reality necessitates fresh discussions and engagement with Iran and other nations.

Vagif Hajibeyli, a political commentator, in an interview with Radio Azadlig, expresses hope for positive outcomes from these diplomatic endeavors, particularly regarding the Zangazur corridor. Iran's initial opposition to the construction of this corridor, which was intended to pass through Armenia, led to concerns. However, a proposal to reroute the highway through Iran offers a potential solution that would facilitate unhindered travel to Nakhchivan and Turkey.

Nasimi Mammadli, a political analyst, emphasizes that the rapidly changing geopolitical landscape has led to fluctuating relations between countries. He underscores the need to consider Azerbaijani-Iranian relations from both strategic and tactical perspectives. While serious strategic issues persist, cooperation on tactical matters becomes necessary. Azerbaijan seeks to maintain cooperation while avoiding deep contradictions with major regional powers, with the West remaining a preferred partner for economic relations and security.

In summary, Azerbaijan and Iran, despite historical complexities and occasional tensions, are exploring avenues for enhanced cooperation and engagement, recognizing the evolving geopolitical dynamics in the region. These developments suggest that both nations are keen on fostering a more constructive relationship for mutual benefit.