The Caspian Is No Longer a Rear Area as Wars Over Ukraine and Iran Reach the Shores of Five States

The Caspian Sea has entered a period of accelerated shallowing, the consequences of which are already affecting ports, oil terminals, fisheries, and coastal ecosystems. If the current trend continues, the problem will no longer be exclusively...

In the July heat, Ashgabat looked much as it always does: broad, nearly deserted avenues, gleaming white-marble government buildings, and meticulously choreographed state ceremonies. At first glance, the latest meeting of the Azerbaijani-Turkmen...

In the twenty-first century, the reshaping of global trade routes has transformed transport corridors from purely economic projects into geopolitical instruments. Against the backdrop of the Russia–Ukraine war, growing instability in the Middle...

On the surface, it looked like a routine sequence of diplomatic engagements: President Ilham Aliyev’s visit to Tbilisi on April 6, Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze’s return visit to Baku on May 18, Kobakhidze’s trip to Astana on June 29, and finally...