Kazakhstan Enshrines Millennia-Old Statehood in Its New Constitution

Russia has sharply escalated its criticism of the proposed “Trump Route for International Peace and Prosperity” (TRIPP), with senior officials signalling that Moscow views the initiative as both illegitimate and strategically destabilising for the South Caucasus.

When Vladimir Putin addressed participants at the congress of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs on March 26, he struck a familiar tone: resilience in the face of sanctions, adaptation to geopolitical pressure and a steady movement toward economic independence.

Kazakhstan is gradually increasing its oil exports through Azerbaijan, strengthening the country’s role as a key transit energy hub in the Caspian region and reflecting broader changes in Eurasian energy logistics.

A series of drone strikes on Russian oil pipeline infrastructure in the Black Sea have disrupted shipments of Kazakh crude via the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC), exposing the vulnerability of one of Central Asia’s most important export routes amid the war in Ukraine.