Post-Soviet region
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The large-scale military and political expansion carried out by the Russian Empire in the Caucasus from the mid-eighteenth century until the end of the nineteenth century fundamentally transformed the ethno-demographic structure of the North Caucasus. In particular, the destruction of a significant portion of the Circassian (Adyghe) population and their forced displacement to the Ottoman Empire during the Caucasian Wars of 1763–1864 remains a serious and controversial subject in modern historiography. These events are evaluated not only as a military conflict, but also as the collapse of a social structure, a process of forced migration, and the formation of a long-term diaspora.
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The history of the Crimean Tatars remains one of the key intersections of memory, sovereignty, and security dilemmas in contemporary international politics. Speaking on May 18 during the anniversary of the deportation of the Crimean Tatars, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy described the deportation carried out by the Soviet authorities in 1944 as “an open act of genocide against the Crimean Tatar people.” He stated that thousands of people died during the deportation and in the years that followed.
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As Russia’s relations with the West continue to deteriorate sharply, the Kremlin is increasingly searching for political and economic support beyond Europe. One of the platforms for this effort has become the international forum “Russia – Islamic World: KazanForum,” held in the city of Kazan, which Moscow has transformed from a purely economic gathering into an important element of its broader geopolitical strategy.
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Russia intends to preserve and strengthen its influence in the South Caucasus despite growing pressure from the West and the gradual weakening of Moscow’s position in the region following the war in Ukraine. This conclusion follows from an interview given by Mikhail Kalugin, director of the Fourth CIS Department of the Russian Foreign Ministry, to the Russian state news agency TASS.
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