How Azerbaijan and Armenia Avoided the SCO

China is strengthening its position in Central Asia’s energy sector, while Russian state-owned companies are losing ground, reflecting a deeper structural shift driven by capital availability, technology transfer and changing energy demand patterns.

Relations between Azerbaijan and China are entering a new phase in which economic interaction is increasingly intertwined with geopolitical calculations. In recent years, bilateral ties have evolved from pragmatic economic cooperation into a formalised comprehensive strategic partnership, reflecting Baku’s growing role in Eurasian logistics and Beijing’s expanding presence in the South Caucasus.

China used this year’s Boao Forum for Asia to present itself as a stabilising force in a fragmented global economy, even as analysts warned that deep structural weaknesses and geopolitical pressures could challenge that narrative.

When Xi Jinping addressed the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit in Tianjin this week, his tone carried ambitions that stretched well beyond a Eurasian security bloc. What began in 2001 as a regional club aimed at counterterrorism and border disputes is now being cast by Beijing as nothing less than a vehicle to reshape the global order — with China at its center.